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<title>Liberalism-Capitalism-Globalisation: JohanNorberg.Net</title>
<link>http://www.johannorberg.net/</link>
<description>
This is Johan Norberg's GlobLog, where he shares his latest thoughts and explains what he is doing to promote global capitalism.
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<copyright>Copyright Johan Norberg</copyright>
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<title>Why inequality is not the problem</title>
<description>
In Dagens Industri I write about Richard Wilkinson&amp;acute;s och Kate Pickett&amp;acute;s book The[...]</description>
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<p>In <em>Dagens Industri</em> I write about <strong>Richard Wilkinson&acute;s</strong> och <strong>Kate Pickett&acute;s</strong> book<em> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/Spirit-Level-Equality-Societies-Stronger/dp/1608190366"><strong>The Spirit Level</strong></a></em> (J&auml;mlikhetsanden). It&acute;s in Swedish online <a target="_blank" href="http://www.johannorberg.net/?page=articles&amp;articleid=160">here</a>.</p>
<p>The books makes two claims: (1) Rich, unequal countries have worse health and more social problems than rich, equal societies, and therefore, (2) if we become more unequal (in the economic sense) even though everybody get richer, we&acute;ll see worse health and more social problems.</p>
<p>Some might remember that I made a similar claim in a global context in my <a target="_blank" href="http://www.johannorberg.net/?page=indefense"><em>In Defence of Glocal Capitalism</em></a> - but I wrote about how unequal, poor countries do worse because they deny the poor access to land, credit, competition and education, which shuts them out from society completely. But I also showed that inequality in liberal, rich countries is not a problem, since it is more often the result of open competition between people who have the freedom and opportunity to compete.</p>
<p><em>The Spirit Level</em> makes the case that it is a problem even there, but the book does not prove (1) and it does not even try to argue for (2). They show a series of scatter diagrams indicating that unequal societies have worse problems, but there is no analysis, no indication about how robust the relationships are, and they don&acute;t try other variables to see if they can explain the relationship as well or better. And as <strong><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/77b1bd26-14db-11de-8cd1-0000779fd2ac.html">John Kay</a></strong> points out in FT:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&quot;If you remove the bold lines from the diagram, the pattern of points mostly looks random, and the data dominated by a few outliers.&quot;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Most of the findings is a result of unequal countries having more poor people, and poor suffer more social problems and worse health.</p>
<p>But most disappointing is that they don&acute;t even try to argue for (2) that a country like Sweden would be worse if it became more unequal. They don&acute;t look at changes over time. They just take it for granted, after having compared countries in a moment of time. That makes the book&acute;s normative conclusion completely worthless, since countries like Sweden and US have become more unequal in recent years, and yet social problems have declined and our health has improved.</p>
<p>But there is research about this, Wilkinson and Pickett just ignore it. The Australian researcher <strong><a target="_blank" href="http://andrewleigh.com/?p=277">Andrew Leigh</a></strong> used to think there was a link between inequality and health, so he looked at changes in equality over 100 years, and he can&acute;t find a relationship. Another <a target="_blank" href="http://andrewleigh.com/?p=2400">study</a> shows that since 1980 there is actually an inverse relationship - the countries that increased inequality the most also improved health the most. &quot;I had begun the project secretly hoping to find that inequality was bad&quot;, the researcher admits, &quot;and wound up reluctantly reporting no such thing.&quot;</p>
<p>In a summary of the research on the subject, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.rand.org/labor/aging/rsi/Deaton-inequ-heal-all.pdf"><strong>Angus Deaton</strong></a> looks at the evidence in detail, and concludes:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&quot;The stories about income inequality affecting health are stronger than the evidence. ...</p>
<p>If it is poverty, not inequality, that drives mortality, so that income has a much bigger effect on health at low than high incomes, average income will eventually cease to be associated with poor health, while the effects of inequality will endure for much longer because, even in rich economies, there are some who are not so rich. Income inequality will continue to affect mortality until everyone ceases to be poor, which happens long after average income has risen out of the range of poverty. ...</p>
<p>But it is low incomes that are important, not inequality, and there is no evidence that making the rich richer, however undesirable that may be on other grounds, has any effect on the health of the poor or their children, provided that their own incomes are maintained.&quot;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In other words, poverty is the problem - not wealth.</p>
<p>(If you read Swedish see also <strong><a href="http://www.sr.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=503&amp;artikel=3387165" target="_blank">Andreas</a> <a href="http://erlanderbrigaderna.blogspot.com/2010/01/bloggdebatt-om-wilkinsons-spirit-level.html" target="_blank">Bergh's</a></strong> take on the book.)</p>
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</content:encoded><link>http://www.johannorberg.net?page=displayblog&amp;month=02&amp;year=2010#3431</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 07:04:59 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Reciprocitet</title>
<description>
Nu f&amp;aring;r ni v&amp;auml;l sk&amp;auml;rpa er? Debatt&amp;ouml;rer och politiker har faktiskt inte [...]</description>
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<p><font color="#006600"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.expressen.se/1.1869035">Nu f&aring;r ni v&auml;l sk&auml;rpa er?</a> Debatt&ouml;rer och politiker har faktiskt inte n&aring;got att g&ouml;ra med hur <strong>Birgitta Ohlsson</strong> och hennes make l&auml;gger upp sitt familjeliv. </font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">Lika lite som hon har att g&ouml;ra med hur min hustru och jag delar v&aring;r <a href="http://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/?nid=410&amp;dokid=GW02Sf315" target="_blank">f&ouml;r&auml;ldraledighet</a>.</font></p>
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</content:encoded><link>http://www.johannorberg.net?page=displayblog&amp;month=02&amp;year=2010#3430</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 22:45:28 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Euro-myror i brallorna</title>
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I Metro kritiserar jag en borgerlighet som har s&amp;aring; mycket myror i brallorna att de inte ens[...]</description>
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<p><font color="#006600">I <strong><a href="http://www.metro.se/2010/02/03/90217/allianspartierna-har-euromyror-i-bral/" target="_blank">Metro</a></strong> kritiserar jag en borgerlighet som har s&aring; mycket myror i brallorna att de inte ens orkar v&auml;nta och se om Grekland g&aring;r i konkurs, eurozonen bryter samman och vi f&aring;r omf&ouml;rdelningspolitik p&aring; EU-niv&aring; innan de pressar in oss i eurosamarbetet.</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">L&auml;s ocks&aring; <a href="http://www.magasinetneo.se/blog/2010/02/02/emu-fungerar-som-vaentat-2013-inte" target="_blank">Mattias Svensson</a>.</font></p>
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</content:encoded><link>http://www.johannorberg.net?page=displayblog&amp;month=02&amp;year=2010#3429</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 03 Feb 2010 10:19:17 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>En likhet till</title>
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N&amp;auml;r Metro har bett mig kommentera superveckans debatter har jag bl a varnat f&amp;ouml;r att [...]</description>
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<p><font color="#006600">N&auml;r <strong>Metro</strong> har bett mig kommentera superveckans debatter har jag bl a varnat f&ouml;r att en r&auml;tt n&ouml;jd och visionsl&ouml;s Reinfeldt b&ouml;rjar p&aring;minna om Persson 2006. Nu har Reinfeldt <a href="http://www.johannorberg.net/?page=displayblog&amp;month=9&amp;year=2006#1862" target="_blank">ocks&aring;</a> b&ouml;rjat hitta p&aring; <a href="http://www.dn.se/nyheter/valet2010/reinfeldt-spred-fel-jobbsiffra-i-debatt-1.1037812" target="_blank">sin egen statistik</a>.</font></p>
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</content:encoded><link>http://www.johannorberg.net?page=displayblog&amp;month=02&amp;year=2010#3428</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 2010 21:48:23 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>One of the best books of 2009</title>
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[...]</description>
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<p><em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Financial-Fiasco-Americas-Infatuation-Ownership/dp/1935308130" target="_blank">Financial Fiasco</a></em> is one of the Best Books 2009, according to <strong><a href="http://www.spectator.co.uk/business/business/5638323/part_3/best-books-2009.thtml" target="_blank">The Spectator</a></strong>.</p>
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</content:encoded><link>http://www.johannorberg.net?page=displayblog&amp;month=02&amp;year=2010#3427</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 2010 12:33:36 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Kaosets kontraintuitiva frånvaro</title>
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I Metro skriver jag om en farlig myt om katastrofer: &amp;quot;Situationen i Haiti framst&amp;aring;r [...]</description>
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<p><font color="#006600">I <strong><a href="http://www.metro.se/2010/01/27/31954/myter-gor-det-svarare-att-hjalpa-nodd/" target="_blank">Metro</a> </strong>skriver jag om en farlig myt om katastrofer: </font></p>
<blockquote>
<p><font color="#006600">&quot;Situationen i Haiti framst&aring;r som &auml;n v&auml;rre n&auml;r vi h&ouml;r att jordb&auml;vningen f&ouml;ljdes av om&auml;nskligt beteende mitt i hoppl&ouml;sheten, av grymt utnyttjande, v&aring;ldt&auml;kter och mord. Men i takt med att allt fler kan ber&auml;tta om egna erfarenheter f&aring;r vi en annan bild, av haitier som g&ouml;r stora uppoffringar f&ouml;r att hj&auml;lpa varandra och om fattiga som spontant s&auml;tter upp soppk&ouml;p f&ouml;r andra. Vardagen pr&auml;glades inte av kaos och v&aring;ld, utan av lugn och solidaritet. De flesta r&auml;ddningsoperationer utf&ouml;rdes spontant av andra n&ouml;dlidande.</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">Vi tror ofta att m&auml;nniskor i n&ouml;d har n&auml;ra till paniken och v&aring;ldet, och s&auml;rskilt vanlig tycks f&ouml;rest&auml;llningen vara n&auml;r det g&auml;ller fattiga och svarta. Men de som forskar om beteende i samband med katastrofer menar att det &auml;r en myt.&quot; </font></p>
</blockquote>
<p><font color="#006600"><a href="http://www.metro.se/2010/01/27/31954/myter-gor-det-svarare-att-hjalpa-nodd/" target="_blank">L&auml;s mer</a></font></p>
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</content:encoded><link>http://www.johannorberg.net?page=displayblog&amp;month=01&amp;year=2010#3426</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 28 Jan 2010 09:09:42 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Best Keynes vs Hayek debate ever</title>
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Our current debate over bailouts, stimulus packages and zero interest rates is a rerun of the Keynes[...]</description>
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<p>Our current debate over bailouts, stimulus packages and zero interest rates is a rerun of the <strong>Keynes vs Hayek</strong> debates over the depression. And nothing illustrates this better than this wonderful rap video, where the two economists come back to life for a conference on the economic crisis - and the night before, at the insistence of Keynes, they go out for a night on the town to explore the boom and bust cycle.</p>
<p><object width="425" height="344">
<param value="http://www.youtube.com/v/d0nERTFo-Sk&amp;rel=0&amp;color1=0x3a3a3a&amp;color2=0x999999&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1" name="movie" />
<param value="true" name="allowFullScreen" />
<param value="always" name="allowScriptAccess" /><embed width="425" height="344" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/d0nERTFo-Sk&amp;rel=0&amp;color1=0x3a3a3a&amp;color2=0x999999&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1"></embed></object></p>
<p>From <a target="_blank" href="http://econstories.tv/home.html">Econstories</a>.</p>
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</content:encoded><link>http://www.johannorberg.net?page=displayblog&amp;month=01&amp;year=2010#3425</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2010 07:49:17 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Den kolumnen hade nog behövt piffas till lite</title>
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Den som vill veta varf&amp;ouml;r det &amp;auml;r s&amp;aring; sv&amp;aring;rt att f&amp;aring; till[...]</description>
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<p><font color="#006600">Den som vill veta varf&ouml;r det &auml;r s&aring; sv&aring;rt att f&aring; till en saklig debatt om kvoteringsfr&aring;gan kan med f&ouml;rdel l&auml;sa <strong><a target="_blank" href="http://www.va.se/asikter/bloggar/kvinnormakt/2010/01/26/kom-igen-visa-var-ni-star/">Camilla Wagners</a></strong> svar p&aring; min DI-artikel i <strong>Veckans Aff&auml;rer</strong>. L&auml;s mitt utdrag i f&ouml;rra bloggposten om hur Lehman Brothers rekryterade en person som allm&auml;nt bed&ouml;ms som inkompetent f&ouml;r att de ville vara politiskt korrekta, och varf&ouml;r det &auml;r problematiskt att p&aring; det viset leta efter en viss grupptillh&ouml;righet (oavsett om det &auml;r m&auml;n eller kvinnor eller n&aring;gon annan grupp) snarare &auml;n kompetens. L&auml;s sedan hur Wagner sammanfattar mitt resonemang: </font></p>
<blockquote>
<p><font color="#006600">&quot;[Norberg] skuldbel&auml;gger ocks&aring; <strong>Erin Callan</strong>, ekonomichef p&aring;<em> Lehman Brothers,</em> f&ouml;r finanskrisen. Anledningen till det &auml;r att hon &auml;r kvinna. Hade hon varit man hade hon haft mer kompetens av just finansbranschen, men det fanns tydligen ingen kvinna att uppringa med den erfarenheten. Inte i hela USA. Visst, han p&aring;pekar att det fanns andra inkompetenta i bolagets ledning, men det &auml;r bara hon som n&auml;mns vid namn i hans kr&ouml;nika. Slutsatsen &auml;r att om Lehman Brothers bara hade anst&auml;llt en man hade allt varit som f&ouml;rr och vi kunde alla bo i vitkalkade sm&aring; hus med v&auml;lsk&ouml;tta rosenbuskar i rabatterna. I denna idyll skulle vi kvinnor kunna g&aring; i st&auml;drock och papiljotter p&aring; dagarna f&ouml;r att fram&aring;t kv&auml;llen piffa till oss lite inf&ouml;r den allsm&auml;ktige mannens &aring;terkomst. Vilken tur att han valde att komma hem och f&ouml;rs&ouml;rja oss idag ocks&aring;. Hoppas att han kommer hem &auml;ven imorgon s&aring; att vi slipper bo under en bro.&quot;</font></p>
</blockquote>
<p><font color="#006600">Jag citerar inte det h&auml;r f&ouml;r att jag t&auml;nker f&ouml;rs&ouml;ka argumentera emot p&aring;st&aring;endet att jag &auml;r en grobian, utan f&ouml;r att sprida det till studenter av journalistik och argumentationsanalys som vill arkivera ett perfekt exempel p&aring; konsten att medvetet missf&ouml;rst&aring;. </font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">(F&ouml;r den som &auml;r intresserad av mina verkliga &aring;sikter om kvinnor och kompetens kan t ex l&auml;sa <a target="_blank" href="http://www.smedjan.com/etta.asp?sida=display&amp;nr=1038">h&auml;r</a>.)</font></p>
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<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:43:08 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Lehman Brothers and Sisters</title>
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I Dagens Industri skriver jag om att moderaterna har kommit p&amp;aring; ett fiffigt s&amp;auml;tt att [...]</description>
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<p><font color="#006600">I<strong> <a href="http://di.se/Avdelningar/DI/Default.aspx?mstat=main&amp;menuexpanded=0" target="_blank">Dagens Industri</a></strong> skriver jag om att moderaterna har kommit p&aring; ett fiffigt s&auml;tt att hj&auml;lpa alliansens sm&aring;partier att f&aring; fler v&auml;ljare &ndash; genom att ta st&auml;llning f&ouml;r k&ouml;nskvotering till f&ouml;retagsstyrelser. Det finns n&auml;mligen f&aring; f&ouml;rslag som har samma potential att f&aring; k&auml;rnv&auml;ljarna att &ouml;verge moderaterna. </font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">Samtidigt passar jag p&aring; att sk&auml;rsk&aring;da en popul&auml;r ordvits:<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><o:p></o:p></span></font> <!--EndFragment--></p>
<blockquote>
<p><font color="#006600">&quot;M&aring;nga har framf&ouml;rt argument f&ouml;r kvotering i samband med finanskrisen. Om <strong>Lehman Brothers</strong> bara hade varit Lehman Sisters hade vi inte haft det testosteronstinna risktagande som kn&auml;ckte Wall Street, s&auml;gs det ofta med en finurlig formulering. Det &auml;r emellertid en tvetydig fyndighet, eftersom Lehman Brothers var ett progressivt f&ouml;retag som l&auml;xade upp konkurrenterna f&ouml;r att de inte var tillr&auml;ckligt duktiga p&aring; att kvotera.</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">Lehman Brothers ville desperat f&aring; fram en kvinna p&aring; en h&ouml;g chefspost och fastnade f&ouml;r <strong>Erin Callan</strong> som chief financial officer. Det presenterades som en seger f&ouml;r j&auml;mst&auml;lldheten. En riktig Pyrrhusseger i s&aring; fall. Callan var skattejurist utan erfarenhet fr&aring;n finansv&auml;rlden och det var n&auml;r hon gav motstridiga och oklara besked om Lehmans st&auml;llning under ett konferenssamtal som marknaden b&ouml;rjade k&auml;nna blodvittring.</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">Nu fanns det f&ouml;rst&aring;s ocks&aring; gott om inkompetenta m&auml;n p&aring; Lehman, s&aring; man ska inte dra f&ouml;r h&ouml;ga v&auml;xlar p&aring; detta. Men det visar hur &ouml;desdigert det kan vara att titta mer p&aring; k&ouml;n &auml;n p&aring; kompetens.&quot;</font></p>
</blockquote>
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<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:07:47 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>&amp;#1060;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1085;&amp;#1072;&amp;#1085;&amp;#1089;&amp;#1086;&amp;#1074;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1103;&amp;#1090; &amp;#1082;&amp;#1088;&amp;#1072;&amp;#1093;</title>
<description>
 Now Financial Fiasco has been published in Bulgarian, by Mak Publishing. And the cover is a great variation [...]</description>
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<p><img width="172" height="266" alt="" src="http://www.johannorberg.net/UserFiles/image/Fiasco, Bulgarian.jpg" /> <img width="177" height="267" src="http://www.johannorberg.net/UserFiles/image/financial fiasco, small.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p>Now <strong>Financial Fiasco</strong> has been published in Bulgarian, by <a target="_blank" href="http://mak-bg.eu/">Mak Publishing</a>. And the cover is a great variation on a theme.</p>
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<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 08:59:35 GMT</pubDate>
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